N.º 1 2005 pp. 21-32

Article
Characterisation of mortars from the monumental complex of Viana do Alentejo castle

António Santos Silva¹, António Estêvão Candeias², Ana Cristina Pais³, Pedro Miguel Nogueira⁴

¹ Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil

² Universidade de Évora, Centro de Química de Évora

³ Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico

⁴ Universidade de Évora, Departamento de Geociências

Abstract

This study is the result of a joint collaboration between the Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, the University of Evora and the Instituto Português do Património Arquitectónico aiming the establishment of an integrated conservation methodology and the proposal of adequate conservation strategies. Ancient mortars from the Igreja da Misericórdia and Igreja Matriz of Viana do Alentejo (Alentejo, Portugal) have been studied by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), simultaneous thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and optical microscopy. This study showed that the mortars are made of lime and that two types of aggregates were used: sand with a homogeneous composition identical to that from the regional granodiorites and a heterogeneous sand composed of both magmatic and metamorphic rocks, possibly from local fluvial sediments. No pozzolanic materials were identified. The actual chemical and minero-petrographic composition of the mortars was determined.

Keywords

Ancient mortars
X-ray diffraction
Thermal analysis
Scanning electron microscopy
Optical microscopy

Language

Portuguese

Original title

Caracterização de argamassas do conjunto monumental do castelo de Viana do Alentejo

DOI

10.14568/cp1_3

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History

Online: 2017-10-3
Publication: 2005-2-3

References

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2 Cid, P. Processo de investigação em curso no âmbito do "Projecto de Recuperação, Conservação e Valorização do Castelo de Viana do Alentejo" (2003).

3 International Charter for the conservation and restoration of monuments and Sites,Venice, 1964, http://www.icomos.org/docs/venice_charter.html.

4 Nara Document, Nara Conference on Authenticity in Relation to the World Heritage Convention, Nara, 1994, http://www.international.icomos.org/naradoc_eng.htm.

5 Veiga, M.R.; Aguiar, J.; Santos Silva, A.; Carvalho, F., 'Methodologies for characterisation and repair of mortars of ancient buildings', in P.B. Lourenço, P. Roca (ed.), Proceedings of the 3rd International Seminar on Historical Constructions, University of Minho, Guimarães, (2001) 353-362.

6 Santos Silva,A.,'Nova abordagem na caracterização de argamassas antigas', in 3º Encore - Encontro Sobre Conservação e Reabilitação de Edifícios, LNEC, Lisboa, Portugal (2003) 917-926.

7 Jedrzejewska, H.,'Old mortars in Poland: a new method of investigation', Studies in Conservation, 5(4) (1960), 132-138.

8 Moropoulou, A.; Bakolas, A.; Bisbikou, K., 'Characterization of ancient, byzantine and later mortars by thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques', Thermochimica Acta, 269/270 (1995), 779-795.

Stable url: https://doi.org/10.14568/cp1_3